According to statistics, in 2003, China imported a total of 236.64 million pieces of various tool products, an increase of 63.56% over the previous year; the purchase cost of imported tools reached 2.8516 billion US dollars, an increase of 87.46% over the previous year. These figures show that the domestically produced tools are far behind the development of the machine tool host, resulting in the situation of domestic machine tools with imported tools.
How to change this situation as soon as possible, Mr. Shen Zhuangxing, a senior expert in the tool industry in China, put forward his views. He believes that, first of all, we must give full play to the unique resource advantages and human resources advantages of our tool materials, conscientiously change the management concepts of tool companies, strengthen services, and put the needs of meeting the manufacturing industry in the first place. Secondly, we must also give play to the characteristics of China's tool enterprises, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, and take a small, specialized, small and refined road.
Since the beginning of the new century, with the large-scale manufacturing industry shift to China, and the domestic manufacturing industry has also accelerated the pace of technological transformation, domestic CNC machine tools have begun to enter the manufacturing field. A sharp contradiction quickly surfaced, and advanced CNC machine tools, equipped with advanced domestic tools, had to be equipped with imported tools. The product structure of China's tool industry for decades has finally exposed serious defects in the new development period, dragging the hind legs of manufacturing modernization.
So how to solve this problem? The following measures are recommended.
Use two advantages
Compared with advanced multinational tool companies, Chinese tool companies have large gaps in terms of capital, technology, equipment and management level. It seems that there is no advantage. However, at least two major advantages are valuable conditions for the development of China's tool industry. That is: natural resources and human resources. Unfortunately, these two resources have not been well utilized and grasped, and many development opportunities have been lost.
The resources of our tool materials are unique. In 2003, China produced 60,000 tons of high-speed steel and 12,500,000 tons of hard alloys, accounting for about 40% of the world's total. However, in the same year, the sales of our tools were less than 6% of global tool sales. This huge contrast is shocking. It shows that the added value of China's tool products is too low. A waste of valuable resources. Today, with the global shortage of natural resources, this phenomenon can no longer continue.
In terms of human resources, China's tool industry has cultivated a good quality workforce for decades. Although affected by the level of China's industrial base, the knowledge is obsolete and needs to be updated and improved. But this step is not difficult to catch up. Many foreign-funded enterprises have hired a large number of personnel from Chinese tool companies. After training, they can quickly adapt to the production, marketing and service of modern tools. The performance is very good, which proves the ability of this team. However, it is a pity that China's tool companies have long-term production of standard products that are consistent with the development potential and service potential of this team.
Then, how can we give full play to China's resource and manpower advantages and push the development of the tool industry to a new level? First of all, we must start from the concept of strengthening services. Tool companies must completely lose the stereotypes that have been developed over the past decades, and have the old habit of selling them, putting the needs of the manufacturing industry first.
This kind of guiding ideology and development policy has been established. Even without a large amount of modern equipment, it can produce good products that users welcome. With this kind of guiding ideology, the waste of resources is shoddy, and the waste of talents will be greatly reduced. In recent years, China's tool industry has begun to emerge a number of scientific and technological private enterprises, which is the way to develop. Its growth rate exceeds the strength of state-owned enterprises, which deserves attention.
To solve the modernization problem, the tool industry is the most important thing to strengthen service awareness and improve service level. Its urgency far exceeds the improvement of equipment. We have had a lot of painful lessons. Some companies have introduced foreign advanced equipment at a big price, but the old concept has not changed. They still produce the same standard knives. The result is not welcomed by the market, and they lose the wife and the soldiers.
Play to highlight the strengths and avoid weaknesses
The modern tool manufacturing industry in developed countries has been characterized by the “high starting point, large investment, large-scale, internationalization†and centralized trend after the merger, restructuring and improvement since the 1980s. The 10 largest multinational tool groups account for two-thirds of the international tool market. Compared with China's tool companies, there are big gaps in product development capability, process development capability, equipment development capability and marketing service level. It must be admitted that this gap cannot be caught up overnight. After all, the tool industry is a traditional industry, and the law of high-tech development is different. A lot of technology and experience depends on a long-term accumulation process.
It took 20 years to create one or two companies in China that can compete with multinational tool groups. It is already the best expectation. The vast number of tool companies must seek truth from facts, and do not all use multinational groups as a model for development. The modernization path of most Chinese tool companies must set the development goals realistically. The development model of “big and complete†and “small but complete†will certainly not work. We must make up our minds to lose some areas, develop our characteristics, develop our strengths and avoid weaknesses, and take a small, specialized, small and refined road.
From the international experience, small and specialized are equally promising. In the international arena, apart from the top ten multinational tool companies, there are more than tens of thousands of companies engaged in the tool industry. They have found their own living space in development. It should be pointed out that the service field of tool technology is very broad, it can penetrate into all areas of manufacturing, and there is no obvious industry boundary. This creates a good development environment for small businesses with service characteristics. The size of the world's cutting tool market is about $13 billion in 2003. This is the statistics of the National Tool Manufacturers Association.
In the reform and development of China's tool industry in recent years, it has also begun to notice the problem of accurately positioning and selecting a reasonable development model according to its own conditions. Many large and medium-sized enterprises have abandoned the "big and complete" and "small but complete" development models and began to present their own characteristics. This is a very gratifying phenomenon. However, the proportion of featured products and services is not large enough, and the transformation speed is not fast enough. It shows that the sense of urgency is not strong and has not completely shaken off the influence of the traditional system, so the pace of reform must be accelerated.
Create a standardized and orderly market environment
Under the conditions of market economy, enterprises are the main body of competition, and they must be responsible for their own survival and development. Therefore, the current development of China's tool industry cannot meet the needs of the manufacturing industry. First, we must find the reasons from the enterprises themselves and come up with solutions. On the other hand, it must be noted that the development history of China's market economy is still very short. There are still many places in the market that are not standardized and imperfect, which affects the healthy development of enterprises. Sometimes this effect is still very serious. It is necessary to have political and business communication and consensus, and the government will come forward to solve it. For example, for many years, it has hindered the healthy development of the tool industry, “vicious competition for inferior low-priced products†and “unfair investment orientationâ€. These two major issues are directly related to government behavior.
As mentioned earlier, China produces 40% of the world's tool materials, but the sales of manufactured goods are less than 6% of the world. This amazing waste of resources will be shocking to anyone. The waste of resources also creates vicious competition for inferior and low-priced products.
In the tool industry for many years, it has long been subject to “unfair investment orientationâ€. The phenomenon of "heavy mainframe, light supporting" is an institutional problem and should be corrected as soon as possible. The corrective solution is not to ask the government to reverse the "heavy accessories, light hosts", which is also a problem. Instead, I hope that the government will return the investment decision-making power to the enterprise, let the market determine the rational allocation of resources, and create a fair and competitive investment environment for the development of the parts industry including the tool industry.
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