I. Development Overview
The research of foreign grain drying machinery started in the 1940s. In the 1950s to the 1960s, grain drying mechanization was basically achieved. Grain drying was automated in the 1960s and 1970s. Grain drying was efficient, high quality, and energy saving in the 70s and 80s. , reduce the cost, the development of computer control direction, after 90 years, the grain drying equipment has achieved serialization and standardization. In recent years, great progress has been made in computer simulation of grain drying processes. The continuous development of traditional software and special software has played an extremely important role in the design of grain drying machinery and the improvement of product quality.
The development of grain drying machinery in China began with the imitation of dryers from Japan, the former Soviet Union and other foreign countries. Due to the complex structure of the grain drying machinery at that time, the high consumption of steel, and the high cost of production, it was not suitable for the economic and institutional conditions in rural areas and was used only by state-owned farms, grain stores and collective enterprises. In the late 1970s, relevant scientific research units began to develop grain dryers suitable for China's national conditions. Most of them are suitable for use by farm production companies and rural production teams; after the 1980s, China's rural economic system began to undergo reforms, and most of the dry machines developed were developed in the direction of multi-use and miniaturization; since the 1990s. With the in-depth development of rural reforms, the level of rural economy and agricultural productivity has risen relatively quickly, and professionalization and intensive management of scale have also witnessed new development. In particular, large-scale grain warehouses and seed and grain production bases of state-owned agricultural land reclamation systems gradually equiped with complete sets of grain drying equipment, and supported them with warehousing, processing, and other facilities to become the main application representatives of grain drying machinery in China; at the same time, they were also introduced. The grain drying machinery in the United States, Canada, Japan, and Taiwan and other countries and regions, some colleges and universities and related scientific research units have also developed a corresponding series of grain drying equipment to serve the domestic food system. The development of grain drying technology gradually makes the drying machinery mature and perfect, and it also accelerates the pace of agricultural modernization.
Although the development of grain drying machinery in China has been a continuous exploration history for more than 30 years, there are already more than 50 production enterprises. , But the output is not large, the technical content is low, there are not many mature models, the product types are small, and the energy consumption is high, the automation level is low, and the small and medium-sized multi-functional drying machinery suitable for agricultural machinery specialized households, grain-producing large households and village groups is lacking. . There are more than 20,000 grain drying machines in the country. Mechanically dried grains account for only about 1% of the country's total production each year. The mechanical grain drying in developed countries accounts for about 95% of the total output. This shows that China's grain drying machinery has developed. Far from being able to adapt to the needs of grain production development.
Second, constraints and development opportunities
Constraints in the development of grain drying machinery: First, the agricultural labor force continues to increase. Among the 1.3 billion people in the country, 800 million are in rural areas. The vast majority of the surplus labor force is in rural areas. The pressure on surplus agricultural labor is huge. This is undoubtedly a substitute for the labor force. The growth of grain drying machinery has an adverse effect. Second, the growth of farmers' income is slow. This will directly affect the purchasing power of farmers' agricultural machinery. Third, the import of agricultural products will increase. The decrease in exports, especially after the addition of the WTO; Fourth, the agricultural machinery support policy is not in place. At the same time, we should also clearly see the unfavorable factors in the development process of grain drying machinery: First, large investment in grain drying machinery; Second, long investment recovery cycle; Third, low level of industrialization of farmers, socialized production The organizational service system and mechanism are far from being formed. Fourth, the raw grain has a high impurity rate, uneven water content, and a high quality requirement for drying machinery.
Currently. China's grain drying mechanization is facing a rare opportunity for development: First, governments at all levels attach great importance to food production, especially since 2004, the central government has introduced a variety of measures to increase farmers' enthusiasm for grain production, and promulgated and implemented the "Agricultural Mechanization Promotion Law." The formation of a favorable policy environment such as economic support, price subsidies, and tax incentives; and second, the development of agricultural industrialization is inseparable from mechanical drying. Large grain producers, large agricultural machinery specialists, rural cooperative economic organizations, leading companies, etc., have strong desires and requirements for mechanical drying; Third, there are many kinds of drying machinery on the market, and there are practical new types of machinery and technologies available for selection and promotion. Service support; Fourth, the rapid expansion of the combine harvester and the mode of cross-regional operation, so that a large number of grains need to be dried in a timely and rapid manner; Fifth, mechanical drying can avoid losses, prevent natural disasters, prevent the site from turning over and increase the grain miscellaneous, and the grain drying Traffic safety, as well as the saving of valuable land resources, etc., The importance of developing grain drying machinery began to be widely recognized.
Third, countermeasures and suggestions
3.1 Overall planning, clear focus, distributed implementation
1) Accelerate restructuring, reorganization, and transformation of grain drying machinery manufacturers. Efforts will be made to change the issues of scattered, small, weak, and poor efficiency of the industry. Leading brand-name products as a leader, forming a variety of large-scale grain drying machinery group that combines science, industry and trade, solves the problems of multiple production enterprises, small production scale, high product cost, low economic efficiency, and the concentration of grain drying machinery The degree of specialization has been greatly improved, promoting the development of domestic and foreign markets and the construction of product after-sales service systems, and the formation of a powerful enterprise technology innovation base has led to the improvement of the industry’s competitiveness in technology, quality and after-sales services.
2) Gradually improve theoretical research of grain drying technology to form a grain drying equipment system suitable for grain production in China. Formulate and improve technical standards for grain drying, standardize the design and development of grain drying machinery, lay the theoretical foundation for determining the development direction of grain drying process and develop models; research and develop grain drying automatic control system, and improve the level of mechanical control of grain drying; According to the different shapes of grains and the requirements of grain drying, the new process of grain drying is continuously explored.
3) Market-oriented, accelerate the industrialization of short-term products and the upgrading of urgently needed products, and constantly improve independent R&D and innovation capabilities. Mobilize all positive factors, speed up the construction of large-scale enterprise group technology centers, give play to the role of industry service productivity centers and engineering technology centers, optimize the development and innovation system of reconstructed production, research, and research grain drying machinery to solve existing grains The lack of types of drying machinery products, backward performance, lack of doors and stalls, and low technical content cannot meet the requirements of agricultural production and rural economic development.
4) Seriously implement the policy. The relevant government departments must conscientiously implement the policies and measures of the central government, increase the strength of mechanized drying demonstration and promotion through project approval, price subsidies, and integration of resources, and cooperate in the division of labor and cooperation; focus on the main areas for the production of commercial grain, breeding and processing promotion areas for agricultural products, and agriculture. Comprehensive development zones, food harvest seasons and more rainy areas, areas where peasant machinery is urgently required for drying, areas where highways and grains are frequently banned, and examples are well established. A number of grain drying mechanization demonstration bases and drying centers have been set up, as far as possible with combine harvesters, The initial deep processing of grain is combined and matched to form an industrial chain. It is widely publicized through various forms such as television, newspapers and periodicals, the Internet, and on-site conferences to expand the influence, and recommend new tools with high quality and low cost to farmers; do a good job in technical training. Do a good job in after-sales service for equipment, so that the purchasers have mastered the use of business skills, with real effectiveness and quality services, to promote the conscious acceptance and active application of farmers.
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