The construction of a smart city can bring very broad prospects for the development of the city. At present, global information technology is accelerating and information resources are increasingly becoming an important production factor. On the basis of fully integrating, mining and utilizing information technology and information resources, the smart city realizes precise management of various fields of the city and realizes intensive use of urban resources. At present, developed countries are planning to introduce smart cities to promote the rapid development of information technology. In order to avoid being passive in the new round of information technology industry competition, China has already opened up research and experimentation in smart cities. On June 10th, hosted by OFweek Hi-Tech Industry Portal, OFweek Semiconductor Lighting Network hosted the OFweek 2016 China Intelligent Lighting Industry Development Summit Forum. Yuan Feng, deputy director of the Cloud Computing Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, used smart street lights as an example to revolve around urban construction. Two latitudes, in-depth analysis of how to effectively avoid the information islands and redundant construction involved in the construction of smart cities, possible risks and challenges of IoT middleware technology, and the advantages and solutions of smart street lamps. . Yuan Feng believes that there are two major problems in the construction of smart cities: First, repeated construction, lack of effective planning for the overall work of informationization, resulting in the repeated construction of some projects; second, the problem of information islands, various government departments and Informatization between enterprises and industries cannot be organically combined and play a comprehensive role in application. In addition, the lack of a complete and scientific standard system and the lack of a proper operational management model are also prominent. The two dimensions of smart city construction refer to the horizontal government-led shared common information infrastructure construction, and the vertical planning and construction based on the horizontal sharing platform under the guidance of the top-level framework design. Yuan Feng said that street lights can be regarded as the boundary of the city, and it is the best carrier for integrating the network of urban basic sensing facilities. The construction of urban-level IOT sensor network based on street lamps can minimize the implementation cost. This is due to the following congenial advantages of intelligent street lamps: street lamps cover every corner of the city; street lamps allow the calculation of electricity tariffs through EMC/PPP mode; streetlights as carriers can be realized in terms of cost and construction permit requirements; Shared information channels save information transfer costs; support complex management back-end for cloud computing and big data. Yuan Feng believes that urban street lights using Internet of Things technology will have many functional advantages, such as intelligent control, which can enable street lights to be time-division, lighting and auto-dimming control. In addition, in the aspect of active operation and maintenance, theft is realized. Real-time alarms for power and fault issues, as well as PDCA full-process closed-loop processing. Finally, in terms of asset management and data statistics, intelligent street lights also help to achieve refined management of positioning, equipment maintenance and data analysis statistics. Yuan Feng concluded that smart lighting is only a vertical application of the Internet of Things. Smart street lights are only a typical product. Enterprises in the industrial chain need to further strengthen cooperation and jointly promote smart street lights or smart lighting to smart cities and smart life. Move fast.
Reducing Elbow
A reducing elbow is a type of fitting which is used to join two pieces of pipe of different sizes. The reducing elbow is so called because it looks like a reducing piece and elbow combined into one.
When the two ends differ in size, the fitting is called a reducing elbow or reducer elbow.
Normally long radius elbows are used in piping as pressure loss is less as compared to short radius elbow. It required more space than short radius elbow.
An elbow is a pipe fitting installed between two lengths of pipe or tubing to allow a change of direction, usually a 180° or 90° angle, though 45° elbows are also made. The ends may be machined for butt welding (SW) or socketed welding(SW) etc.
Types of reducing elbow:
The reducing elbows are available in various types like:
90° reducing elbow
45° reducing elbow
135° reducing elbow
180° reducing elbow etc
In long radius elbow, centreline radius is 1.5 times the nominal size of the pipe or you can say 1.5 times the diameter of the pipe.
Buttweld pipe fittings comprises of long radius elbow, concentric reducer, eccentric reducers and Tees.They are an important part of industrial piping system to change direction, branch off or to mechanically join equipment to the system. Buttweld fittings are sold in nominal pipe sizes with specified pipe schedule. BW fitting`s dimensions and tolerances are defined as per ASME standard B16.9.
Butt Weld fittings are also called Welded Pipe fittings. These welded fittings in carbon steel and stainless steel offer many advantages compared to threaded and socketweld fittings. The later are only available up to 4-inch nominal size whereas butt weld fittings are available in sizes from ½" to 102".
Reducing Elbow: Fittings that change direction in a piping system are called elbows. The directional change is given in degree such as 45 or 90. Long radius 90 degree elbow has the center line of elbow at 1.5 x NPS from eblow end. And the elbow ends in two different outdiameters
Reducing Elbow, Elbow In Different OD, Special Elbow, Elbow Reducing, Reduced Elbow, Elbow Reduced,90 Reducing Elbow
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