Hastelloy C-276 is a high-performance nickel-based alloy that offers exceptional resistance to corrosion and degradation in harsh environments. Widely used in industries such as chemical processing, oil and gas, and pharmaceuticals, it is particularly suited for applications involving corrosive chemicals, chlorides, and high-temperature conditions. This comprehensive guide provides detailed information on the properties, uses, and specifications of Hastelloy C-276 pipe.
Known for its outstanding resistance to localized corrosion, oxidizing conditions, stress corrosion cracking, and pitting, Hastelloy C-276 is ideal for use in aggressive chemical environments. Its composition includes significant amounts of molybdenum and tungsten, which enhance its durability and stability under extreme conditions. The alloy performs exceptionally well in environments containing sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, seawater, and chlorides. However, it is not recommended for highly oxidizing environments like concentrated hot nitric acid.
Key Characteristics
Heat Treatment
Hastelloy C-276 cannot be strengthened through heat treatment. It is typically solution annealed at 2050°F (1121°C) and then rapidly cooled to achieve optimal mechanical and corrosion-resistant properties. The material can also be cold worked, though it requires intermediate anneals due to its high work-hardening rate.
Workability
The alloy is suitable for hot working between 1600°F and 2250°F (870°C and 1230°C). Cold forming is possible but may require multiple annealing steps to maintain formability and prevent cracking.
Applications
Hastelloy C-276 pipes are commonly used in sour service environments where exposure to hydrogen sulfide (Hâ‚‚S), carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚), and chlorides is common. They are also used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, paper production, cryogenic systems, and superconducting equipment. The alloy's versatility makes it a preferred choice in industries requiring long-term reliability and minimal maintenance.
Chemical Composition
| C | Cr | Ni | Fe | Mn | Si | Mo | Co | P | S | V | W |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤ 0.02% | 14.5 - 16.5% | BAL | 4 - 7% | ≤ 1% | ≤ 0.08% | 15 - 17% | ≤ 2.5% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.35% | 3 - 4.5% |
(mass %)
Standards
ASTM B622, ASME SB622
Typical Mechanical Properties (Annealed Condition)
| Tensile Strength | Yield Strength | Elongation |
|---|---|---|
| ≥ 100 ksi | ≥ 41 ksi | ≥ 40% |
*Higher strength can be achieved through cold working.
Physical Properties
| 70°F | 200°F | 400°F | 600°F | 800°F | 1000°F | 1200°F | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Density | lbs/in³ | 0.321 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Thermal Expansion | X10â»â¶/°F | - | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.4 | 9.6 |
| Elastic Modulus | 10³ ksi | 29.8 | 29.1 | 28.3 | 27.3 | 26.4 | 25.5 | 22.37 |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.33 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.377 | |
| Thermal Conductivity | Btu-in/h·ft²·°F | - | 77 | 90 | 104 | 117 | 132 | 152 |
| Specific Heat | Btu/lb·°F | 0.102 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.14 |
| Yield Strength | ksi | 41 | 40 | 38 | 34 | 33 | 33 | 11 |
| Tensile Strength | ksi | 100 | 99 | 99 | 94 | 92 | 87 | 44 |
Manufacturing Process
| Process | Description |
|---|---|
| Steel Making | Electric Arc Furnace followed by VOD or AOD to ensure purity and control composition. |
| Pipe Making | Seamless cold-finished pipe and tube manufacturing methods are commonly used. |
| Heat Treatment | Can be supplied in either annealed or cold-hardened condition; no hardening via heat treatment. |
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