(1) Surface cementing
1. The surface drilling depth of the drilling team must enter the stable layer more than 50 meters to ensure the cementation quality of the cement ring and the formation of the lower surface cover.
2. It is necessary to attach great importance to the surface cementing construction to ensure the quality of surface cementing. Before the solid surface casing is inspected, the depth of the surface well and the depth of the surface casing should be carefully checked to ensure that the surface casing is down to the position required by the drilling design.
3. Carefully do the surface cementing design to ensure that the surface cementing ash volume is sufficient. Do the site construction according to the requirements of the solid surface layer operation, lay the cement slurry density, leave the cement well 10-15 meters cement plug, and do the cementing surface layer construction. recording.
4. After the drilling team is required to complete the surface layer, it must be ensured that the cement will wait for 8 hours before it can be drilled.
5. After finishing the surface layer, the well team must backfill the wellhead in time for the well that has not returned to the ground due to the leak.
(2) Completion cementing
1. Before the casing of the drilling team is required to be casing, the casing of the blowout preventer of the corresponding size must be replaced.
2. Carefully complete the well cementing design and calculate the equilibrium pressure.
3. Wells with abnormal drilling fluid density require the drilling team to adhere to the principle of adding diluent to dilute the drilling fluid. Do not use a large amount of water to treat the drilling fluid.
4. For wells that are out of oil and gas, it is necessary to adhere to the principle of first stabilizing the bottom layer and then cementing wells.
5. During the process of casing drilling, the drilling team must press the casing technical requirements to drill the mud. After the casing is filled with mud, the casing can be connected to the directional circulating mud, and the circulation is 1-2 weeks. After the cementing operation.
6. Wells that have been lost after drilling must be plugged and cemented. The Jingyong is induced after the leakage of the annular liquid column is prevented during the process of casing or during the cementing process.
7. A well that has been lost during the first-stage cementing process of the cementing and double-stage cementing. During the waiting for condensation, the wellhead should be carefully observed, and the overflow phenomenon should be shut down immediately.
1. Emergency measures for kicks and blowouts during cementing construction.
1. When a pre-flush occurs, a kick or blowout occurs. Immediately stop the injection of the pre-liquid, and report to the engineering team of the drilling team. The drilling team decides whether to shut down the well according to the situation of the well and conducts the killing treatment to ensure the stable formation. After reorganizing the cementing construction.
2. When the well is blown or the blowout occurs during the injection of cement, the following measures are taken according to the specific conditions:
(1) When the amount of cement is small, the drilling team decides whether to shut down the well according to the situation of the well. If the well is shut down, the injected cement slurry should be throttled and the well killing measures should be taken. After the formation is stabilized, the cementing construction is reorganized.
(2) When there is a kick or blowout when the tailing of the tailer has been started, the drilling team will perform the throttle-filling cementing operation after the sealing of the well-sealing device, and press the rubber plug and the throttling displacement. At the same time, the well control emergency plan of the cementing engineering company was started.
Third, the tail pipe cementing well control measures
1. The tail pipe solidification sealing section is short. It is necessary to calculate the usage amount of the pre-alignment, carefully calculate the formation pressure and the annulus hydrostatic column pressure to achieve balanced pressure cementing.
2. After finishing the tail pipe, it is required to put the drilling tool in a safe position and recycle excess cement slurry. When the circulating mud is being carried out, the cement slurry is in a period of weightlessness, and the formation fluid easily breaks into the cement slurry. Therefore, in the process of drilling, we must pay attention to the operation of filling mud to prevent the phenomenon of suction from being too fast, and reduce the pressure of the formation fluid after the liquid column pressure in the casing is broken into the cement slurry, resulting in poor cementing quality and preventing the air from being quiet. When the liquid column pressure is lowered, a kick or injection is induced.
3. In the process of injecting cement, the cement truck is not normal.
In the stage of injecting low density cement slurry:
1, the mud pump appears in the phenomenon of Vercar, to be judged accurately, is that Vercar live, stop the pump in time to eliminate.
2, the engine appears poor oil supply, can be excluded within (10-15 minutes), continue construction after exclusion. If it cannot be excluded, change the car to continue construction.
3, there is a high-energy mixer blockage, stop pump check and eliminate, the time is within 5-10 minutes
4. Due to improper operation, when the mixing tank and the backing phenomenon occur, the mud is changed in time, and the faulty vehicle must take time to deal with the fault.
When injecting high density cement:
1. When injecting high-density cement, the treatment methods in the above cases are basically the same.
2. When the high-density cement is injected close to the injection, in the case of ensuring the sealing of the oil layer, the injection of cement can be stopped and a process can be applied.
4. In the process of mud injection, the ash tanker is not normal.
1. The drive fan shaft is broken, the pressure fan drive slips, or the pressure fan parts are damaged. The pressure fan can not work normally. Immediately connect the gas supply line and supply air with other normal ash tankers.
2. The ash gate is blocked and there is no ash underneath, depending on the situation. When injecting low-density cement, another vehicle can be exchanged for low-density cement to repair the ash tanker that blocks the gate. If there is only one vehicle with low-density cement, it can be stopped for repair. The time is less than 30 minutes. When you can stop, change the density cement. The above occurs when high density cement is injected.
3. When there is a leak in the tank lid seal, before the construction, the air pressure is released, the tank lid is opened, and the construction is carried out when the air leaks during the construction. If the gas supply is insufficient, the other gray tank trucks are connected to supply air.
5. The water supply is not normal.
1. Responsible for cementing construction personnel, before the construction, it is necessary to implement whether the water volume of the well team meets the construction water consumption, and the well team must prepare the construction water before construction.
2. Responsible for cementing construction personnel, it is necessary to contact the well team to ensure that the power supply is normal during the whole process of cementing construction, and there is no power outage in the middle.
3. When the water supply submersible pump burns out, replace the spare submersible pump in time.
4. When the reverse switch is damaged, the power supply line and the submersible pump can be used to ensure water supply.
5. When the power supply line fails or breaks, contact the well team electrician in time to find out the cause and repair immediately.
Sixth, the cement head is not normal
1, the road can not be opened (due to misoperation, first open the pressure plug gate, after the rocker pin, so that the rubber plug down, press the bending pin, so that the stall can not open). Connect the rubber plug line to another gate on the cement head. When the meter is used in the water tank, the construction is stopped (the cement plug can be left. It cannot be replaced).
2, due to the pressure of the gate seal piercing. Stop the pump and release the pressure. When the pressure can be released, the leaking gate is knocked off. The high-pressure pipeline is directly connected to the cement head and continues to press. If you can't put down the pressure, in the case of puncture, stick to the pressure, after the pressure, the waterwheel insists that the pressure is not lower than the air pressure value, and the shallow well is more than 1 hour. Deep open for more than 40 minutes to prevent the flow of cement plugs.
3, when the cement head is loaded with rubber plug, pay attention to the degree of tightness, too loose, too tight, when the quality does not meet the requirements, resolutely do not need to replace the good quality rubber plug.
Seven, other circumstances
1. When cement is injected, the pump pressure suddenly rises. In most cases, the well wall collapses, causing the pumping phenomenon.
Reduce the amount of cement injection, squeeze the small displacement, pay attention to observe the change of pump pressure, if the wall collapses, when the small displacement squeezes the top, timely report the research and treatment plan.
2, suddenly rise
Determine whether the well wall collapses or the cement slurry is initially set, reduce the displacement, observe the pump pressure change, and the maximum pump pressure is controlled at 25MPA.
3, floating hoop floating shoes failure
Put back the water and continue to flow (can not put down the pressure), once again, the pressure exceeds the pressure of 3-5MPA, and the well shuts down for 2 hours.
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