Agricultural mechanization boosts food production

Now, "Sanxia," wherever you go, will almost give you a feeling of "here's 'three summers' is quiet". It is completely without the riots of the previous people's mobilization of "Longkou". There are often only drivers and one or two “farmers”. The women and children in the village hugged each other and the old people were cool. The peasants called it "casual three summers" and "happy three summers." In the “three summers” season, outside the Grain-based Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Daxing Village, Changxing Village, Changping County, Henan Province, a combine harvester is rushing to harvest wheat and straw to smash the field. The corn that the cooperative has just bought is exempted from the operation of the harvester. Plowing deep pine full-fertilizer precision seeder, this piece of land of only 10 acres took more than an hour to harvest, sowing finished. In the past, the sowing of corn was an implement drill, with 12 pounds of seeds per acre, and now only 3.5 pounds, and deep-sown, seven-layer fertilization, precision on-demand, and suppression after sowing were completed. No wonder the old man Zhang Guocheng in his 60s saw him. He planted 5.5 acres of land, in the past always feel that in his hands practical. Two crops a year, two crops, plan to invest more than 6,000 yuan in net income, the local agricultural cooperatives transfer an area of ​​land, paid to the farmer's transfer fee is 1100 yuan, Lao Zhang calculated income of 6,000 yuan this number. Lao Zhang mouth like a farmer said: “In the past, Chairman Mao said that the fundamental way out of agriculture is mechanization. I think it’s a good idea. Farming by hand, laboriously, and when prices are high, people are not employed, and people are desperate to die. People’s cooperatives Thanks to the good quality of farm machinery, high yields, and low costs, the land will be handed over to the cooperatives, and I can earn another hundred or eighty a day out.” The large-scale agricultural machinery of the cooperative has shaken Zhang Laohan’s inherent traditional agricultural concepts.

In the vast fields, agricultural mechanization has become an important guarantee for grain harvest, and it has become the urgent wish of hundreds of millions of farmers. Mechanization not only solved the problem of “who came to farm” to a large extent, but also solved the problem of “how to plant a good field”. The leap-forward development of agricultural mechanization is boosting grain production and accelerating the process of agricultural modernization in China.

Inter-regional harvesting of wheat is “more fast and better”

The talents of Chengjia Village, Jiuhu Town, Zouping County, Shandong Province, began the cross-regional machine harvest as early as 1996, and it can be said that it is the witness of the development of wheat harvesting across regions. The talent said: "Since the first two years of the inter-regional machine harvest, farmers saw the efficiency of machine harvesting is so high, they scrambled to use it, and they did not even stop on rainy days." Stability, the old has its own "base area", for example, he went to Henan County every year. For many years, the biggest experience of cross-region machine collection is: “The smooth flow of information is crucial for cross-regional machine revenue collection. Blind cross-regional operations may not make money.” Lao Cheng told reporters that the Ministry of Agriculture’s agricultural machinery cross-regional operation service train was Bring a lot of convenience. “Where do you need a harvester? How big is the area? How much is the price of the operation? How is the weather? Is the traffic smooth? All of these can be found on the train.” Lao Cheng said.

Early this year, the agricultural machinery department arranged and deployed early and issued advance market information for wheat and main producing counties. The Ministry of Agriculture opened the “Sanxia” national cross-district operation information service center in May and passed the agricultural machinery cross-region operation of the China Agricultural Mechanization Information Network. The "Service Express" system provides cross-regional operators with an information supply and demand exchange platform. The agricultural machinery departments in various regions distributed 360,000 free agricultural machine cross-area operation permits, provided agricultural operators with free SMS services such as weather conditions and traffic conditions, guided the mobile operators, and worked closely with related departments to maintain the timely and orderly transfer of the combine harvesters. .

This year, more than 100,000 operators and peasants across the country have achieved supply and demand through the Internet. The innovative effect of the socialized management service mechanism for agricultural machinery has been brought into full play.

According to the reporter, compared with last year, this year's national wheat harvest has shown four characteristics of “more savings.” The first is the number of inputs. More than 14 million machines were used for the “three summers” harvest operation this year, including 510,000 combine harvesters, an increase of 10,000 units over last year. Over 325,000 units participated in cross-region operations, an increase of 0.5 million units. The second is that the wheat harvest progresses quickly. For 13 consecutive days, the harvest rate of wheat machinery exceeded 10 million mu and the wheat harvest time was 3 days earlier than last year. The third is the good market order. The agricultural machinery department strengthened the coordination of dispatching and services, and formed a good situation of a concentrated battle and an orderly flow of revenue. Including mechanical refurbishment and technical training, wheat harvesting machinery is sufficient and in good order. The fourth is the provincial expenditure expenditure. This year, the average price of machineries in the main wheat producing areas is about 55 yuan per mu, and artificial harvesting is at least 100 yuan. It should be said that the "three summers" wheat harvest has saved farmers 12.69 billion yuan. The wheat harvest can also reduce the loss of the harvesting process by about 3%, which is equivalent to reducing the loss of wheat by 5.5 billion yuan. As a pilot, it also earned 2.82 billion yuan in revenue. By calculating the general ledger, the machine revenue contributed to the increase in production and income, and a total of 22.12 billion yuan was saved for farmers.

In the cross-district entertainment operation of the County Agricultural Machinery Bureau next to the 107 National Road in Luan County, Henan Province, the cross-region operating hand hole from Tongzi Village, Hongmiao Township, Lancang County, Henan Province, is resting in the water. These old holes often run across Henan, Hebei, Shandong, and Shanxi. He felt that there were more reception points and guidance stations along the road this year, and he was more enthusiastic about the attitude of the pilots. The reception point not only prepared the water, provided the map, but also provided job information and other services. If the harvester malfunctions, the maintenance site will be Day and night are given maintenance, many gas stations in Henan Province also set up a rest room for free accommodation for drivers, the attention of the operators more humane.

The combined harvester moves from the south to the north in an orderly manner and crosses the regional machine to harvest wheat. This is a great creation of China's special agricultural machinery utilization model, and is a concrete embodiment of management and service mechanism innovation. According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture, the 340 million mu of winter wheat that needs to be harvested this year has more than 10,000 agricultural machinery teams and more than 1.5 million combine harvesters. In total, it took 21 days to complete the harvest, replacing hundreds of millions of labor.

Agricultural machinery makes farming controllable

At the beginning of May, the reporter came to the Friendship Farm of the Heilongjiang Farming Bureau, the Xinglong Bureau of Heilongjiang. There are 1.6 million mu of arable land, which is the earliest source of modernization of Chinese agricultural machinery. This year, the maize crop has reached a cropping season, but it suffers a rare drought. Drought to awkward degree? Tian Xujiang, the deputy field manager of the farm in charge of agriculture, told the reporter: “The water requirement for corn harvested each year is 13.8%, and in the sowing period in mid-April, the local soil surface has only 12% moisture. If planted according to normal solar terms, it is not a species at all. The crops were purely buried with food, and by the end of the next year, a good rain had come. Although the rain was heavy, the farm land was deep and loose, and the permeability was very good. The next day, the high-powered machinery would be able to land. So all the farm's high-powered machinery went into battle. It took only five days and 1.1 million mu of corn were sown. It was impossible to think about it in the past. If there is no farm modern agricultural machinery, we can say with certainty that Corn sowing is not finished till the middle of May, and the corn will also be cut down. Now that it's alright, with a large farm machine, I only need five days to return your harvest in one season."

Since mid-January of this year, a large number of continuous low temperature, rain, snow, and freezing weather have continuously appeared in the central and eastern regions of China. The precipitation, precipitation days, and temperature values ​​in most regions have broken through historical extreme values. Most of Hubei, Anhui, and Jiangsu provinces The growth of winter wheat crop roots in the southern and central Zhejiang provinces has had a certain impact, so this year the southern wheat region has a maturity period of about 10 days later than before. However, due to the rational deployment of large-scale agricultural harvesting machinery and its use in place, many localities have also achieved cropping while harvesting. Therefore, there is no impact on subsequent wheat planting due to late harvest, laying the foundation for a good crop harvest in autumn.

The hardships that had been harvested in the past have now been replaced by mechanization. Under the reality that there is a serious shortage of agricultural labor force in young and middle-aged people, mechanization will increase farmers’ willingness to grow grain and reduce land reclamation. Today, China's mechanized operations service sector is covering from the middle of production to pre- and post-production, and the field of operations has also rapidly expanded from crop farming to fruit and vegetable industry, animal husbandry, fishery and facility agriculture, and agricultural product processing.

Agricultural Mechanization Technology Excavates Potential for Production Increase

In Sunzhuang Village, Xinfa Office, Shunping County, Shandong Province, villager Sun Yuyin told reporters: “I have two equal-sized lands, each of which is 1.8 mu. One is in a uniform deep-swept field, and the other is in another, not deep. This year, the wheat was harvested, the same seed, the same fertilizer, the same medicine and management, and the loose wheat yield was 100 pounds worse than the deep loose one mu. The agro-technical extension staff said that, and my deep-soiled wheat land still had less water, and you think that it saved another 30 yuan per acre. After all, it's much deeper than it's not. The income is more than 130 yuan. After this fall, regardless of whether the country is subsidizing the operating fee, I myself must spare some other places."

As China's agricultural cultivation in recent 30 years has been mainly in shallow soil layers, the degree of soil compaction has increased, and a hard plough basement has been formed at a depth of more than ten centimeters, which not only affects the development of plant roots, but also limits the normal growth and light of the plant ground. Cooperation. Plowing the bottom layer makes the soil impenetrable, the rain will not cover the water, and the roots of the crops will not be able to get through during the drought. The land will easily become a flood disaster. With the increase in the volume of large-scale tractors in recent years, it has provided strong support for the operation of deep-rooted operations throughout the country. Last fall, North China and Huang-Huai-Hai regions subsidized the operation of the land. Because the machinery is deep and deep and the frequency is low, the structure of the soil will not be changed, but the bottom layer of the plough is completely broken to loosen the soil, thereby increasing the air content of the soil. The effect of the increase in the output of last year's subsoiling operations has been verified after this year's wheat harvest. In the case of consistent management of seed, fertilization, and pesticide application, deep-soiled land yields about 10% more than land without deep pine, and some provinces can also reduce watering once during the wheat growing season. In the northeast region, the yield of corn per mu can be up to 200 pounds. The economic effect of deep looseness is very obvious.

The “one spray and three defenses” in the main wheat producing areas is a key technical measure to ensure the increase of production of summer grains. In late April, the reporter saw in the Shunyi District of Beijing that the large plant protection machinery of the Kaolin Farm Machinery Cooperative was implementing the “one spray and three defenses” operation in the wheat fields. The plant protection machinery went back and forth, and the 40-meter-wide wheat field was sprayed. The operator Zhang told reporters that the unified control not only reduced the amount of pesticide sprayed, saved costs, increased production, but also prevented the pests from playing “guerrilla” with theirs.

Many provinces (cities) have increased the promotion of machine transplanting and straw returning to farms this year. For instance, the harvester that does not install straw smashing and tying devices in Henan Province does not allow Shimoda to ensure that the entire amount of straw is returned to farmland or recycled, which not only improves fertility but also protects the environment. Tang Fangyu, chairman of Fangyang Agricultural Machinery Cooperative Co., Ltd. in Liyang City, Jiangsu Province, said: “We insisted on straw returning for more than ten years. The return of straw to the farm not only optimized the farmland ecological environment, but also directly improved the soil and increased organic matter content. More than %.” Liu Yinmei of the Union Union Agricultural Machinery Cooperative of the city also said: “The seedlings produced by the factory cultivation and breeding are both strong and strong, and machine transplanting can guarantee quality and density. Generally, the yield per hectare rice field can be increased by 50 kg.”

Nowadays, fewer and fewer space are needed to increase food production by increasing the input of production factors such as land, water, and fertilizer. The development of agricultural mechanization is indeed a realistic option for tapping China's grain production potential.

"Nanny-style" Agricultural Machinery Service Boosts Scientific Farming

“Three Summers” was very busy. The migrant workers in Liutangkou Village, Xinzhai Town, Zhangqiu City, Shandong Province, could work at the company with confidence. This was due to the “agricultural machine trusteeship” agreement signed by farmers in the village and Xinzhai Agricultural Machinery Cooperative. At the beginning of the year, villagers in 4 administrative villages, such as the Xinqi Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Zhangqiu City and Liutangkou Village in Xinzhai Town, signed the “Agricultural Machinery Trusteeship Agreement” to carry out agricultural machinery custody services. The service targets include 1962 acres of land. Ji Zongchang, president of Xinzhai Agricultural Machinery Cooperative, said: “We buy seeds, unify agricultural machinery preparation, planting, plant protection, and harvesting. We must promote new technologies in the countryside and train us to ensure that they are implemented in Tian.”

On June 3, in Yuyang City, Jiangsu Province, farmers Wang Chuao, who packed more than 100 mu of land, wore leather shoes and stood on a field hoe. He looked at the neat seedlings inserted into the high-speed transplanter. He said happily: “I’m still not lazy. Basic seedlings are guaranteed this year, and this year will surely increase production." Originally, the rice yield he planted in the past few years using the manual planting method was 100 kilos less than that of the Union Agricultural Machinery Cooperative. This year, at a price of 210 yuan per mu, he asked the cooperative to provide him with mechanized breeding and transplanting. Plant protection, harvesting, fertilizing, harvesting nanny services. Liu Yinmei, the chairman of the cooperative, promised him: "I will plant you for one year. If the output does not go up this year, I will not charge you for your operating expenses." The Agricultural Machinery Cooperative led by Liu Yinmei passed this kind of "nanny." The "style" service imparts modern methods of production to farmers. According to statistics, during the three summers, 70% of the grain production tasks in Fuyang City were completed by agricultural machinery cooperatives.

Technology into the community means that science and technology come to the field. The in-depth development of socialized services for agricultural machinery has promoted the standardization, integration, and scale of popularization and application of advanced agricultural technologies so that they can be rapidly transformed into real productivity. It is only a kind of service relationship that the cooperatives use the whole “nanny” service to substitute for farming, but behind the service, the cooperatives lead the farmers to apply advanced science and technology to agricultural production. This accelerates the application of modern agricultural science and technology. The transformation has important significance, which can promote the steady increase of the comprehensive grain production capacity, help to form a long-term mechanism for grain production, and realize modern large-scale agricultural production.

It is hard to imagine how to farm without farm machinery. The demand for farm machinery from farmers has never been more urgent than it is today. The reliance on agricultural harvesters for the bumper crop yield has never been as obvious as it is today. With the country’s high priority, China’s agricultural mechanization has developed rapidly in recent years. As of 2011, the total agricultural machinery power in the country reached 977 million kilowatts. The mechanization rate of agricultural production weakness has also reached an unprecedented breakthrough rate, in which the mechanized cultivation and harvesting of rice increased from 6% and 23.4% in 2003 to 26% and 67.5% in 2011; The 1.9% in the year increased to 34% in 2011. The level of comprehensive mechanization of tillage collection of major crops increased from 32.5% in 2003 to 54.8% in 2011 and is expected to reach more than 56% this year. In the process of ensuring food security and accelerating agricultural modernization, agricultural mechanization shoulders a more important mission.