Recently, 5G R & D process again appeared a milestone event. Qualcomm, ZTE, and China Mobile announced the successful implementation of the world's first 5G NR5 interoperability (IoDT) based on the 3GPP R15 standard, which is the key to the advancement of large-scale pre-commercialization of 5G new air interface technologies Milestone in promoting the rapid development of 5G networks and terminal industries that meet the 3GPP standards. Today, 5G R & D into a critical phase, 5G standard is also almost certain. Prior to this, based on the 5G compliance standard system testing will be carried out on a large scale.
Rajesh Pankaj, senior vice president of engineering technology at Qualcomm, said that in 2018 we see a lot of experimental results on the 5G network and we expect to see a full rollout of the 5G network by 2019. At the same time, he pointed out that the work done on the 5G is far from complete, and it is still a long way to go in terms of standardization and the evolution of its own technology.
Successful realization of millimeter wave mobile
Unlike 2G, 3G and 4G, 5G will be used to support enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), high reliability and ultra-low latency communication (uRLLC), and large-scale machine-to-machine communication (mMTC) three main categories of application scenarios. This requires more bandwidth, shorter latency and higher rates. To achieve the above vision, 5G frequency will cover high, medium and low frequency band, that is, overall consideration of the entire band.
As a result, millimeter-wave has become more and more popular in recent years. The millimeter-wave band is of great concern in the United States and South Korea. However, another characteristic of the millimeter-wave band is its large attenuation in air and its low diffraction capacity. In other words, it is basically impossible to realize signal passing through the millimeter wave. According to Rajesh Pankaj, millimeter-wave waves do not have very good coverage unless there is a big technological advance. Qualcomm's extensive R & D is to turn these into reality.
He said QUALCOMM attaches great importance to millimeter-wave mobility and Qualcomm relies on 5G NR technology for millimeter-wave motion, allowing millimeter-wave motion to be more robust in NLOS environments. At the same time, Qualcomm has also established a very dense network topology and spatial multiplexing, using about 150 to 200 million ISD. Fast beam steering and switching within access points Supports an architecture that enables fast beam-steering across access points, enabling tight integration below 6 GHz (ie LTE or NR).
Achieve these mainly through four efforts: The first is the use of 6GHz below the macro base station, followed by support for adaptive 3D beamforming and beam tracking directional antenna, the third is to achieve seamless mobility, and fourth, to promote NLOS work.
According to reports, Qualcomm also done a lot of work in millimeter wave OTA test, indoor and outdoor two parts of the test, showing the stability of mobile communications. Qualcomm uses hand-held devices and in-vehicle user equipment (ie, UEs) to monitor for signal interference in the presence of hand obstructions.
In addition, Qualcomm is also promoting commercial millimeter-wave prototype system deployment in 2019. There are three prototype systems: millimeter-wave UEs, millimeter-wave gNodeBs, and baseband platforms. Qualcomm conducted a variety of tests covering end-to-end TDD systems, 800 MHz broadband, and some of the future 5G NR, IoDT, and OTA experiments.
"There are some who are skeptical about the future of 5G, but Qualcomm is optimistic about the future of 5G, which is working hard to achieve 5G NR millimeter wave coverage over LTE co-location, for example, in some of the cities surveyed, millimeters Wave coverage is very high, with 81% of the country covered by 5G NR millimeters in a given city, "said Rajesh Pankaj.
With 28GHz downlink coverage and LTE co-location, coverage can be dramatically increased. At the same time, there is a comparison with the indoor coverage ratio of LVCC locations for reference. Qualcomm found in the test, co-site to achieve high coverage 5G NR millimeter-wave link. Therefore, Qualcomm now has considerable conditions, to achieve large-scale millimeter-wave coverage.
Big size (up to 12"), ultra-abrasion, high/low temperature and corrosion resistant, and multiple length choices, Letone industrial hose are ideal for industries like construction, chemical, bulk material delivery, steel mills, oil & gas, machinery and equipment manufacturing, high pressure cleaning, F&B and applications of extremely working environment.
Industrial Hose,Pumping Hose,Oilfield Hose,Concrete Hose
Luohe Letone Hydraulic Technology Co., Ltd , https://www.zjlitonghose.com